|
Programme Heading |
Material, Ideas and Experiments |
Notes |
|
3.1 Elements and compounds
(II) |
Acids, alkalis: taste, feel [1]. Safety.
Indicators,- home made, from red cabbage and other
plant materials. Litmus.
Universal indicator. Practical use of the pH scale.
Testing cleaning products and cosmetics. |
[1] Of
natural products only! e.g. lemon juice
|
|
|
Neutralisation. Production of salts from acids and
alkalis. Acid rain, environmental considerations. |
|
|
|
Combination and decomposition [2]. "Word equations";
link with the particle model. |
[2]
A
+
B —>
AB,
e.g. copper with oxygen
AB —>
A
+
B
e.g. mercury (II) oxide. |
| |
Distinction between an atom and a molecule [3]. |
[3]
Simple introduction to the periodic table; some examples
of formulas of molecules |
|
|
Reaction of metals with water and acids; introduction of
the reactivity series [4]. |
[4]
e.g. reaction of Mg, Al, Fe, Cu with oxygen and with
water/acids (gas evolution and heat) |
|
3.2 The
microscopic world. |
Small
organisms in
pond water. Further observation with the microscope.
Bacteria and fungi; bread, wine, beer and cheese.
Penicillin. |
|
|
3.3
Health education. |
Disease. Antibiotics [1]. Viruses. Vaccination. |
[1]
Culturing of micro-organisms, and use in the food
industry and in
medicine. |
|
|
Principles of hygiene. Contraceptive methods and their
association with sexually transmitted diseases (AIDS
etc). |
Micro-organisms can be dangerous – correct manipulation
and disposal is essential. |
|
|
Mental
health, eating disorders, substance abuse, etc |
|
|
3.4 The
Soil. |
Common
soil types: formation, recognition, characteristics and
organisms. Capillarity. pH of soils; soil pollution:
effects of agriculture. |
|
|
3.5
Light, images and vision. |
Behaviour of light. Rays, reflection. The pinhole
camera. |
[1]
Optical instruments. |
|
|
Bending
of light by refraction on entering glass, water,
plastic.... |
[2] Ray
diagrams. |
|
|
Nature
of a real and virtual image. Image formation by
reflection and by refraction [1]. |
|
|
|
Action
of lenses [2]. |
|
|
|
Model
of the eye. The image on the retina is inverted. |
|
|
|
Image
formation by a convex lens; focal length. Common vision
defects and their correction (not astigmatism). |
|
|
|
Decomposition of light into colours with a prism.
Recombination. |
|
|
3.6
Work and machines. |
Mechanical work . The joule - moving 1 metre against
a force of 1 newton. |
|
|
|
Moments. Machines: simple experiments with levers and
pulleys (simple calculations). |
|
|
|
The
trading of force for distance and vice versa [1]. Power
introduced as the work done every second (the watt). |
[1]
A machine can magnify force, but only
at the expense of distance. The work got out from
machine cannot exceed the work put into it. |
|
|
Muscles and the skeleton [2]: overview of important
muscles and antagonist muscle pairs, and of important
bones. Care and proper use of the skeleton. Composition
of bone. |
[2]
Mineral component for hardness; organic component for
tensile strength. |
|
3.7
Electricity. |
Measurement of electric current with different
batteries, different circuits: the ammeter. The series
and parallel circuits [1]. Advantages of the parallel
circuit. |
[1]
Construct, identify and draw simple series and parallel
circuits. Use the ammeter correctly to measure currents
at various points in such circuits. |
|
|
Qualitative idea of resistance. Electrical safety. |
|
|
|
The
correct connection and use of the voltmeter. Its use
to measure the "push" of a battery [2], i.e. the
battery's ability to supply current. Batteries in
series. The water analogy. Simple electromagnets. The
electric motor. |
[2]
Pupils should know how to connect a voltmeter correctly,
and that adding batteries in series increases the
voltage in a circuit. |
|
|
Electric charge. Charging things by friction. Attraction
and repulsion. Different sorts of charge [3]. |
[3] Charged bodies can
attract and repel both each other and uncharged bodies.
Two sorts of charge exist (positive and negative). |
